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| Sedan (nuclear test) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Sedan (nuclear test)
Storax Sedan was a shallow underground nuclear test conducted in Area 10 of Yucca Flat at the Nevada National Security Site on 6 July 1962 as part of Operation Plowshare, a program to investigate the use of nuclear weapons for mining, cratering, and other civilian purposes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=NTS 50th Anniversary Newsletter—Sedan Tested Use of Nuclear Explosives to Move Earth )〕 The radioactive fallout from the test contaminated more US residents than any other nuclear test. The Sedan Crater is the largest man-made crater in the United States, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
==Effects==
Sedan was a thermonuclear device with a fission yield less than 30% and a fusion yield about 70%.〔Information sign at the crater: 50px〕〔''United States Nuclear Tests''; July 1945 through September 1992, DOE/NV--209-REV 15 December 2000, p. xv.()〕 According to Carey Sublette, the design of the Sedan device was similar to that used in Shot Bluestone and Swanee of operation Dominic conducted days and months prior to Sedan respectively, and was therefore not unlike the W56 high yield Minuteman I missile warhead.〔(Operation Storax, Sun Beam, and Roller Coaster 1962-1963: Nevada Test Site, Nellis Air Force Range (Nevada) Last changed 20 September 1997 )〕 The device had a diameter of , length of , and a weight of .〔(Operation Storax, Sun Beam, and Roller Coaster 1962-1963: Nevada Test Site, Nellis Air Force Range (Nevada) Last changed 20 September 1997 )〕
The timing of the test put it within the Operation Storax fiscal year, but Sedan was functionally part of Operation Plowshare, and the test protocol was sponsored and conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with minimal involvement by the United States Department of Defense. The explosive device was lowered into a shaft drilled into the desert alluvium deep.〔 The fusion-fission blast had a yield equivalent to 104 kilotons of TNT (435 terajoules) and lifted a dome of earth above the desert floor before it vented at three seconds after detonation, exploding upward and outward displacing more than of soil. The resulting crater is deep with a diameter of about . A circular area of the desert floor five miles across was obscured by fast-expanding dust clouds moving out horizontally from the base surge, akin to pyroclastic surge.〔(Nevada Test Site Office. Library. Films. ''Historical Test Films'' )〕 The blast caused seismic waves equivalent to an earthquake of 4.75 on the Richter scale.〔 The radiation level on the crater lip at 1 hour after burst was 500 R per hour (130 mC/(kg·h)),〔Information sign at the crater: 50px〕 but it dropped to 500 mR per hour after 27 days.〔
Within 7 months(~210 days) of the excavation, the bottom of the crater could be safely walked upon with no protective clothing, with radiation levels at 35 mR per hour after 167 days.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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